Bacteria can secrete a wide array of antibacterial compounds when competing with other bacteria for the same resources. Some of...

A biodegradable positron-emitting dendritic nanoprobe targeted at vβ3 integrin, a biological marker known to modulate angiogenesis, was developed for the...

Decades ago, the importance of cytokinins (CKs) during Rhodococcus fascians pathology had been acknowledged, and an isopentenyltransferase gene had been...

The cooperative activity of protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases plays a central role in regulation of T cell receptor (TCR)...

Two of three humans never get cancer. Even the majority of heavy smokers remain cancer free. Is this a matter...

We studied the robustness of photosynthetic metabolism in the chloroplasts of C3 plants under drought stress and at high CO2...

Spectral methods are of fundamental importance in statistics and machine learning, because they underlie algorithms from classical principal components analysis...

The oligosaccharide donor for protein N-glycosylation, Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol, is synthesized via a multistep pathway that starts on the cytoplasmic face of...

The Gpg1 protein is a G subunit mimic implicated in the G-protein glucose-signaling pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and its function...

The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) basic helix–loop–helix Per-aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT)-Sim (bHLH-PAS) transcription factors are master regulators of the...

Recent studies support the existence of a common progenitor for the cardiac and endothelial cell lineages, but the underlying transcriptional...

Despite the importance of CNS blood vessels, the molecular mechanisms that regulate CNS angiogenesis and blood–brain barrier (BBB) formation are...

Crack patterns in laboratory experiments on thick samples of drying cornstarch are geometrically similar to columnar joints in cooling lava...

The G1/S-phase transition is a well-toned switch in the mammalian cell cycle. Cdk2, Cdk4, and the rate-limiting tumor suppressor retinoblastoma...

Migratory birds travel vast distances each year, finding their way by various means, including a remarkable ability to perceive the...

F-box proteins are substrate-recognition components of the Skp1-Rbx1-Cul1-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligases. In plants, F-box genes form one of the...

Angiogenesis, the synthesis of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels, plays a critical role in normal wound healing and tumor...

Pathophysiological cardiac hypertrophy is one of the most common causes of heart failure. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, hydrolyzed and degraded by soluble...

Three-dimensional culture alters cancer cell signaling; however, the underlying mechanisms and importance of these changes on tumor vascularization remain unclear....

Most pathogens exist within complicated food webs of interacting hosts, vectors, competitors, and predators. Although theory has demonstrated a variety...

Microtubules are polarized polymers that exhibit dynamic instability, with alternating phases of elongation and shortening, particularly at the more dynamic...

An increase in glucocorticoid levels and down-regulation of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) are supposed to be involved in the pathophysiology...

Actin protein is a major component of the cell cytoskeleton, and its ability to respond to external forces and generate...

Alkylation-induced O6-methylguanine (O6MeG) DNA lesions can be mutagenic or cytotoxic if unrepaired by the O6MeG-DNA methyltransferase (Mgmt) protein. O6MeG pairs...

In response to insect attack, many plants exhibit dynamic biochemical changes, resulting in the induced production of direct and indirect...

In this paper, we introduce a recently established relationship between cohort smoking patterns and adult mortality into mortality projections for...